Part+13

 Evolution of England  The evolution of England was a very historic event that took place over 400 years. This all started in 1453, when the Spainards drove the English out of their land thus ending the hundred years war. After this period England was ruled by the the Henry's. One of the most famous of them was Henry the seventh. During the period from1485 to 1509 he was able to the economy by selling monopolies even if they were very unpopular at this time and disbanding his army. Soon he gained trust of the nobles. He was suceeded by Henry the eight who was considered a tyrant for his crimes. One of the most important charecters of this evolution was Queen Elizebeth I. She ruled from 1587 to 1601. Being a woman of her type not many people belived she would make it as Queen because she was a visionary and the people thought that this mindset to improve the country’s status would actually hurt the country instead of help it. Soon after she turned Queen in 1587, England was starting to be known as a world power. In 1588 the Spainsh armada attacked England but the English fleet was prepared for the attack and were able to destroy the Spainsh fleet.(1) When King Charles I came into power in 1625 he spent a lot of his time improving the economy of the country. He did not get enough funds from the parliament so he started taKing loans from the public. He also planted taxes on the people. This frustrated the Parliament, which did not allow him to continue his ways. This did not stop the King from taxing the public.The people considered him a dictator. In 1640 when he was having an arguement with the parliament he dismissed them. Since he wnted the scots to change their pracitces. But when the Scots don't agree, he sends an army to make them agree by force. The Scots were able to beat them twice. Now England was in trouble as the Scots were starting a war against them. The King needed help so he opened the Parliament back again. The Parliament for various reasons like the Scots and the Irish rebellion were angry with the King. Thus the civil war in England broke out. The supporters of the Parliament were called the roundheads and consisted of paritans and other on anglican protestants. The King's supporters were called the cavaliers and consisted of anglicans, roman catholics, nobles, and other people who were against the Parliament. Cromwell, a well known military figure at that time was on the side of the parliament. He created his model army and in 1645 he defeated the King's army. The King was later killed for his actions. After his sucess as a military leader Cromwell fought for his spot as the ruler (king). The Parliament, who were the head before this point were opposed of him being the leader but since their main streanth lay in the army Cromwell won the arguement and started his own rule in 1653. Under his rule he divided the country up into 11 states each having its own head general. His harsh rules made it compulsory to attend church and many of his laws prohibited plays,cock fights and horse racing. He even closed the gambling dens. Many thought of him no different tham King Charles I. Meanwhile Charles II, the son of Charles I had fled to Scotland after his father's hanging. He was planning an attack on England but it was unsuccesful as Cromwell's army was prepared for this attack. Charles II was able to flee to France. Back in England Cromwell's reign came to an end when he died in 1658. His son tried to continue the rule but his weak attitude prevented him from doing so. In 1660 Charles II was given the throne and he returned back to England. (3)

The 1660's was a rough period in England with the great plague and the great fire of London. The great plague of england struck in 1665. This diesease caused the victim’s skin to turn black and the thigh glands start to swell, the victim also has cumpulsive vomiting. The summer of 1665 was the worst as 15% of the wor;ld’s population perished because of this diesease. The death tolls per month kept increasing as the months passed by. The plague passed away in the autumn as the cold started to kill the fleas. Then the next attack was from fire and not from bugs. In september of 1666 was a devastating month for the residents in London as the fire of London struck. The fires which were started on september 2nd were not noticed at first but thye east winds spread the small fire breakout throughout the city and by the end of the day 300 homes had gone down by the third day. King Charles II put in a great effort to stop the fire. He helped out the firefighters by passing buckets of water. The fire soon cooled down taking most of London with it. Some people believe this fire as a blessing because the city was remade to be what it looks like now. The next 90 years was filled with remaking of the city. Even if monarchy still exists ,people gained moere and more rights and so does the parliament. Wars around Europe still continue as France starts gaining tititle as the military super power after its successs in the waqrs during the 1700’s. England still maintains its economy and improves its populations from the sad incidents of the plague and the great fire of London.(2) Specific information was gotten from these corresponding sources The great fire of london which consumed many lives. The Black death which spread throughout Europe.       (1)-THE SPANISH ARMADA BY COLIN MARTIN AND GEOFFREY PARKER (2) "The Great Fire of London 1666." //Historic UK - Heritage Accommodation in Castles,cottages,hotels,bed and Breakfast,boats,dream Weddings, Living History and History Magazine//. Web. 08 Mar. 2011. <http://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/England-History/GreatFire.htm>. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">(3) <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> "Oliver Cromwell and the Restoration of the Monarchy." //UK Travel and Heritage - Britain Express UK Travel Guide//. Web. 08 Mar. 2011. <http://www.britainexpress.com/History/Cromwell_and_Restoration.htm>.